Sign languages are an essential aspect of deaf culture and linguistic diversity. As we explore non-European sign languages, we gain insight into the various ways in which deaf communities have developed and maintained their linguistic and cultural identities, as these sign languages remain largely uninfluenced by Westernisation.
Japanese Sign Language (JSL)
JSL diverges significantly from Western sign languages such as American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL). It incorporates elements of Kanji, the logographic script used in written Japanese, into its signs through fingerspelling and iconic signs, strengthening visual communication. It's important to note that JSL's incorporation of Kanji is not standardised, and the extent to which Kanji is used can vary among signers. This can lead to miscommunication and confusion in conversation, since so much of the fingerspelling is reliant on the semantic concepts that Kanji can encapsulate when written, and can be left up to interpretation.
Australian Aboriginal Sign Languages
Australia's indigenous communities are home to a complex network of local sign languages. These languages are the embodiment of Australia's linguistic diversity and the rich heritage of its First Nations people. Alongside these many Aboriginal languages comes Aboriginal sign languages, each serving a specific community or region, with signs referring specifically to the culture of each indigenous community.
However, due to the British colonisation of Australia and the continued domination over Aboriginal people, these sign languages are slowly fading out as Australian Sign Language (Auslan) becomes more popular, taking with them key insights into these tribes and their individual history, beliefs, and culture. Initiatives like the "Sharing Our Stories" project aim to record and promote these languages, ensuring their survival for future generations.
Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN)
The story of Nicaraguan Sign Language (ISN)'s emergence is a testament to the innate human ability for language creation. In the 1970s, a group of deaf children in Nicaragua with no prior exposure to formal sign language began developing their own shared system of communication. Since then, this informal visual language has spread and matured through Nicaragua, offering a unique opportunity to study the evolution and development of a visual language in real-time.
The Diversity in Sign Language Structures
Sign languages, whether European or non-European, are a testament to the adaptability and creativity of human communication.
Preserving non-European sign languages is not only essential for maintaining linguistic diversity but also for safeguarding the cultural and historical identities of Deaf communities within other countries.
Numerous challenges, such as limited recognition and the spread of global sign languages, pose threats to the preservation of non-European sign languages. Increased awareness and support are crucial to address these challenges.
Conclusion
Non-European sign languages are a testament to the incredible diversity of human expression. Each language reflects the unique culture, history, and identity of the Deaf communities that use them. As we continue to explore these sign languages, we must recognize their importance in the global linguistic landscape and strive to support their preservation and growth. These languages are not only a means of communication but also a source of cultural pride, community cohesion, and the embodiment of linguistic diversity that enriches our world.
Sophie. E
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